The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other environmental factors with Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in schools and houses of students. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on students in in Babol counrty, Iran in winter 2018 who were recruited using random sampling method. To measure CO2, temperature and humidity, the standard TES-1370 device was used. Data were collected by standard questionnaire MM040EA (Miljomedicine040) and through interview. Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test were used to determine the relationship between SBS and environmental parameters. CO2 measurement performed in 55 primary, middle and high schools (215 classrooms) reported that the highest level of CO2 was 4263 ppm for primary schools in winter, while the lowest level was 806 ppm reported for middle schools. CO2 and temperature had significant association with SBS symptoms in winter (P=0.001). Among 12 SBS symptoms, the most common symptom was headache in winter (n=337, 44.4%), and fatigue (n=327, 43%) in spring. A significant association was found between the type of heating/ ventilation/air conditioning and SBS symptoms(P=0.001). Also, at different educational levels, CO2 concentration was higher in most of the study classrooms during winter and spring and had a significant relationship with SBS symptoms. 

One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide is iron deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, vertigo, dyspnea, cold intolerance, lethargy, palpitation, headache, and the pallor of the mucous membranes or nail beds are the most frequent symptoms and signs of iron deficiency. Thrombocytosis is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia; it seems that erythropoietin plays the main role in this respect. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia and even leukopenia have been reported in iron deficiency; however, pancytopenia is a very rare condition. In this report, we presented two unusual cases of pancytopenia due to severe iron deficiency that improved after treatment with oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia, if sufficiently severe, may be associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. Accordingly, this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with pancytopenia.

Background: Rabies is a fatal and often neglected disease leading to encephalomyelitis following a bite by an infected mammal. According to the necessity of rabies disease in Iran, we present four cases of rabies virus infection. 
Case Presentation: We presented 4 cases of rabies virus infection hospitalized in different hospitals in Iran in 2021-2022. Three patients were male. The youngest patient was 6 years old and the oldest was 81 years old. In all 4 cases, RT-PCR detected the positive virus infection. Three cases received rabies immunoglobulin. All of them received at least one dose of rabies vaccination; but, unfortunately, all patients died.
Conclusion: The present case series showed the necessity of early rabies vaccination and also the early organization of stray dogs in the community. Unfortunately, two cases were lost to follow-up. So, the population education and follow-up of suspected rabies patients must be taken seriously by healthcare facilities.

Background: Refractive errors are among the most common causes of vision loss in patients attending healthcare facilities in the first and second decades of life. Astigmatism stands out as one of the common and treatable causes of vision loss in pediatrics. 
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the samples were chosen by random cluster sampling among children aged between 7 and 13 years from elementary schools in 2014-2015 academic year. For all students, refractive errors were assessed by Autorefractor Keratometer and retinoscopy. Internal astigmatism was defined as the difference between refractory and corneal astigmatism. SPSS software, version 16 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 1009 children participated in the study. Among them, 468(46.4%) were male, and 541(53.6%) were female. Their mean age was 9.2±1.7 years. About 14.5% of them had refractory astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism was the most common type, with 12.5% of students suffering from it. The prevalence of corneal astigmatism was not significantly different between males and females (P=0.19). Also, there was no significant relationship between increasing age and prevalence of astigmatism in this age group (P=0.06).
Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the rate of refractory astigmatism, lenticular and corneal astigmatism, between males and females. Because correcting refractory errors in students has a positive effect on learning ability and physical and mental development, screening and follow-up are recommended in this age group.

Background: Children with visual impairments often face challenges in developing motor skills compared to their sighted peers. Understanding these differences is crucial for designing effective interventions to support their development. 
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the gross (locomotor) and fine (object) motor skills of children with visual impairments to those of sighted children through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. 
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to a registered protocol on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) and in adherence with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three reliable databases were thoroughly searched for original and peer-reviewed articles. The included studies assessed motor skills using different methodologies, contributing to data heterogeneity. Egger’s regression test was used to assess publication bias. 
Results: A significant difference was found between low vision and visual groups in locomotor skills (P<0.001, 95% CI, 0.706%, 1.384%). In addition, the pooled analysis for object motor skills indicated a significant difference (P<0.001, 95% CI, 0.727%, 1.488%) among the considered groups. Evidence of publication bias was detected for locomotor skills comparisons (P=0.04). However, no significant publication bias was found for the meta-analysis of object motor skills (P=0.056) among the considered groups. 
Conclusions: The results of the meta-analyses showed significant differences in locomotor (gross) and object (fine) control skills between sighted and visually impaired children. A possible explanation for these findings is that children with visual impairments, such as blindness or low vision, are more likely to experience difficulties in motor skills performance, such as locomotor and object control skills. Future studies should examine variables affecting the motor skills of visually impaired children, such as different medical conditions and interventions and some social and psychological factors.