en Ophthalmology Narrative Review Narrative Review <strong>Context</strong>: Low birth weight infants are prone to an altered ocular development in childhood, resulting in refractive errors of the eye. Myopia (short-sightedness) is the most common refractive error of the eye that reduces vision.<br> <strong>Evidence Acquisition</strong>: A PubMed literature search was conducted using the following search terms: &ldquo;low birth weight infant&quot;, &ldquo;myopia&quot;, &ldquo;prematurity&quot;, and &ldquo;refractive error&quot;.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The underlying cause of myopia is usually excessive growth of the eye, which is under the influence of early-life pressure on human growth. Children with low birth weight have significantly shallower anterior chamber depth and thicker lens. At the ages of 10-12 years, preterm children have an increased likelihood of all types of refractive errors. However, in low birth weight children, a 1 diopter of myopic change occurs over the first decade of life.<br> <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The progression of myopia is higher in children with low birth weight, suggesting that prematurity and low birth weight may simultaneously affect the development of optical components, leading to myopia. Myopia, Refractive error, Low birth weight, Premature infant 101 106 http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-121-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amir Ahmadzadeh Amiri 10031947532846005052 10031947532846005052 No Department of Pediatric, Bahrami-Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Majid Reza Sheikhrezaee 10031947532846005053 10031947532846005053 No Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Ahmad Ahmadzadeh Amiri ahmadzdh@yahoo.com 10031947532846005054 10031947532846005054 Yes Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.