en Pediatric Infectious Diseases Meta-analysis Review Meta-analysis Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Context</strong>: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains the prominent cause of morbidity and mortality among young individuals in developing countries. The present research aimed to estimate the prevalence of RHD in Iran.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Data Sources</strong>: In this review, all population-based studies with a sample size of &ge;500 participants related to the prevalence of RHD were included. The search was conducted in national and international databases. The combination of medical subject headings and free-term text items concerning the incidence, prevalence, rheumatic fever, RHD, and Iran were used in this study.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Data Extraction</strong>: In this systematic review, 490 papers were identified. A total of 296 articles were screened; of which, 9 qualified articles were selected for the final data analysis. All studies were of cross-sectional, and descriptive natures. Two authors used the data extraction form to independently extract relevant data from the included studies. Disagreements between the authors were reconciled through discussion and consensus.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The overall prevalence of RHD was calculated as 0.02% (20/100000 population). This prevalence rate is estimated based on studies conducted in the northern, southern, eastern, western, and central regions of the country; therefore it could be an estimation of the relevant prevalence rate in Iran. However, there were no updated and high-quality data in this regard. Thus, the reported rate might be underestimated.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusions</strong>: There is a need for a nationwide survey to investigate the precise prevalence of RHD in Iran. This can be achieved by creating a national database of RHD.</div> Prevalence, Rheumatic heart disease, Iran 97 104 http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-909-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zainab Qazizadeh az138523@yahoo.com 10031947532846006628 10031947532846006628 No Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Leila Shahmoradi lshahmoradi20@gmail.com 10031947532846006629 10031947532846006629 No Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Moosazadeh mmoosazadeh1361@gmail.com 10031947532846006630 10031947532846006630 No Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Leila Shahbaznejad leilashahbaznezhad@yahoo.com 10031947532846006631 10031947532846006631 No Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Mohammad Sadegh Rezai drmsrezaii@yahoo.com 10031947532846006632 10031947532846006632 Yes Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.