en Narrative Review Narrative Review Emergence Agitation that has been first described by Eckenhoff et al. in 1960’s is a dissociated state of consciousness in which the child is inconsolable, irritable, uncooperative, typically thrashing, crying, moaning or incoherent. It is also a common problem in pediatric postanesthetic care unit with an incidence ranging from 10 to 80%. This literature review focused on presence of Emergence Agitation and contributing factors in children under general anaesthesia. It was conducted on Medline in PubMed area, Alta Vista Data bases, CINHAL and Google scholar in January 2013 for publications written in English with the following keywords: “Emergence Agitation, Etiology, Treatment, Pediatric Anaesthesia, Postanesthetic Care Unit, Children, inhaled anesthetics, intravenous anesthetics and Post Anesthetic Emergence Delirium”. In this paper, we intend to review the factors contributing postanesthetic emergence agitation in children to improve our vision in this area. Emergence, Agitation, General Anaesthesia, Pediatric 69 79 http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Soheila Shahmohammadi 10031947532846003887 10031947532846003887 No Mazandaran University of Medical sciences Afshin Gholipour Baradari 10031947532846003888 10031947532846003888 No Mazandaran University of Medical sciences Mohammad Reza Habibi 10031947532846003889 10031947532846003889 Yes Mazandaran University of Medical sciences Mohammed Jafar Saffar 10031947532846003890 10031947532846003890 No Mazandaran University of Medical sciences