en Pediatric Endocrinology Case Report and Review of Literature Case Report and Review of Literature <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;"><strong>Background</strong>: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia (HG), which has multiple etiologies. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) classifies DM into four major groups. In the pediatric age, DM can be caused by several etiologies.<br> <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> We present a series of four case reports of DM among pediatric patients caused by different etiologies, to discuss several clinical presentations of DM among children and the teenage population, as well as diverse therapeutic options for the different DM subtypes.<br> <strong>Conclusions</strong>: We conclude that DM in the pediatric age group has multiple etiologies and presentation variants. Type 1 DM still represents the highest incidence in this age group, however, several factors have aided in the awareness and diagnosis of other types of DM previously considered as rather infrequent in this age group.</span></span></span></div> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><w:sdt id="1877355831" sdttag="goog_rdk_0"></w:sdt><w:sdtpr></w:sdtpr><w:sdt id="-165016232" sdttag="goog_rdk_1"></w:sdt></span></span> Children, Adolescents, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Insulin 171 178 http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1101-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Jesús Rodolfo Valenzuela-Ruiz rodolfovalenzuelaruiz@gmail.com 10031947532846009561 0009-0001-0801-0065 No Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of the Valley of Mexico, Hermosillo, Mexico. Gustavo Francisco Bobadilla-Olaje drgustavofbo@gmail.com 10031947532846009562 10031947532846009562 Yes Gynecology and Pediatrics Hospital “Dr. Lucio Mayoral Hernández ”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Hermosillo, Mexico. Jesús René Tadeo Calleja-López jrtcalleja@gmail.com 10031947532846009563 10031947532846009563 No Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico. Enrique Ruibal-Tavares kikeruibal@gmail.com 10031947532846009564 10031947532846009564 No Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico. Cristian Noé Rivera-Rosas crisriv0298@gmail.com 10031947532846009565 10031947532846009565 No Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico. Luis José Aguilera-Duarte luisjose.ad99@gmail.com 10031947532846009566 10031947532846009566 No Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico. Jesús Omar Ruiz-Quiroz omarruizqrz1@gmail.com 10031947532846009567 10031947532846009567 No Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of the Valley of Mexico, Hermosillo, Mexico.