OTHERS_CITABLE A Meta-Analysis of Prenatal and Maternal Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia in Iran, Case-Control Studies Approach Context: Few possible risk factors for childhood leukemia including environmental, genetic, and infectious causes can be explained by epidemiologic studies but the etiology of most childhood leukemia is unknown. Objectives: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to find the relationship between prenatal and maternal risk factors with leukemia children in Iran. Data Sources: Relevant studies published in English databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ISI) and Persian databases (Magiran, Medlib, SID, and Iran Medex)) were systematically searched. Study Selection: The study included all case-control studies that estimated the effects of prenatal and maternal risk factors on leukemia children in Iran during years 2004 to 2016, and a standardized manner was used for the extraction of information. Data Extraction: After reviewing all searched articles (title, abstract, and entire text), irrelevant studies were excluded and related ones were selected. Results: We identified 10 case-control studies. The first relative history of leukemia was associated with four times raises of leukemia in children aged 15 > years (OR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.16 - 7.99). Other significant risk factors were mothers with birth order 3 ≤ and maternal age > 35, ORs for these factors were respectively (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 0.79 - 3.99) and OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.09 - 3.41). Conclusions: Our results indicate that among maternal and prenatal risk factors, birth order ≥ 3, birth weight < 2,500 g, and first relative history of leukemia increased the risk of childhood leukemia; in contrast, breastfeeding was a protective factor. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf 2017-10-31 1 7 10.5812/jpr.14674. Child Leukemia Leukemia Leukemia Risk Factors Systematic Review Yousef Veisani 1 Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran AUTHOR Ali Delpisheh alidelpisheh@yahoo.com 2 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE A Systematic Review of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Context: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as clustering of risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: The present study aimed at reviewing all reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data Sources: In this review, an electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Huge Navigator database. For the HuGE Navigator search, we used the “metabolic syndrome” search term. For the PubMed search, we used “metabolic syndrome”, “child”, “adolescents”, “pediatrics”, “genes”, and “polymorphism”, without any restriction for time and language. Study Selection: Human studies with cross-sectional or case-control designs, which contained MetS as outcome and recruited participants younger than 21 years, were included. All definitions of pediatrics MetS were acceptable. Data Extraction: This study was designed as systematic review without meta-analysis in accordance with the preferred reporting item for systematic reviews meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement recommendation. After excluding duplicated and irrelevant studies, data extraction and quality control were conducted by 2 researchers using STROBE checklist. Results: In this review, during primary literature search, 219 and 1025 articles were identified through PubMed and HuGE navigator database, respectively. During 2 refining steps and after quality assessment, 38 qualified articles were evaluated at the final step. According to the whole data of systematic review results, the number of total population and points of data were 14 536. Number of studied genes and related SNP were 60 and 125, respectively. SNPs of the following genes were associated with MetS: GCK, HNFAα, SHBG, PON1, adiponectin, obesity related genes (FTO, MC4R, GNPDA2, BDNF, FAIM2, NPC1, SEC16B, SH2B1, PCSK1, KCTD15, and BAT2), PAI, AT1R, and SR-BI. SNPs of the following genes were associated with component of MetS: GCK, ACE, ABCA1, SREBP-1, miR-33b, PAI, IL6R, IL18, TCF7L2, ADRB2, and TNFα. SNPs of the following genes did not have any association with MetS or its components: CRP, APOA5, PPARγ, PGC-1γ, Tfam. Conclusions: The findings of this review revealed that most reported SNPs are related to lipid disorders mainly triglyceride and HDL and insulin resistance. It is suggested that combination effect of most of the reported SNPs or their interaction with environmental factors would be more effective for development of MetS in children. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf 2017-10-08 8 19 10.5812/jpr.10536. Metabolic Syndrome Child Adolescents Polymorphism Genes Roya Kelishadi 1 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran AUTHOR Silva Hovsepian silvahovsepsecret@gmail.com 2 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran AUTHOR Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard 3 Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Bisphenol A and Phthalates, with Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review Context: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can contribute to the risk of childhood and adolescent obesity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature concerning the association of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates with obesity in children and adolescents. Data Sources: Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline were searched to identify studies published up to January 2017. A secondary reference review of all extracted articles was also conducted. Study Selection: All studies that had assessed the relationship between BPA and phthalates with obesity in children and adolescents were included in the present systematic review. Finally, 35 studies were relevant. Data Extraction: The current review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Thirty-five original studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 20 cross sectional, 3 case control, 11 cohort studies and one clinical trial study. Nineteen studies reported that childhood exposure to environmental chemicals including BPA and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) during childhood could increase the risk of excess weight. In addition, 10 studies found no correlation between these compounds and obesity. Conclusions: The effects of BPA and phthalates have diverse mechanisms; these chemicals disrupt some functional, structural, and epigenetic mechanisms that control energy homeostasis, appetite regulation, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis. However, additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm and validate the current findings. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf 2017-10-08 20 35 10.5812/jpr.11894. Endocrine Disrupters Bisphenol A Phthalates Obesity Children Maryam Zarean 1 Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran AUTHOR Parinaz Poursafa parinaz.poursafa@gmail.com 2 Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran AUTHOR Mohammad Mehdi Amin 3 Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran AUTHOR Roya Kelishadi 4 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Endolysins of Bacteriophages as an Anti-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Children: A Narrative Review Context: Spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause serious and sometimes fatal diseases especially in children. Outbreaks and increasing the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant MRSA at pediatric hospital calls for the development of novel preservation techniques. Endolysins and bacteriophages have been used successfully to control bacterial infections in children. Endolysins were considered as a useful treatment especially for the pathogens without disturbing the normal flora, the low chance of bacterial resistance, and their ability to kill colonizing pathogens on mucosal surfaces. Herein, we aimed to review the effectiveness of endolysins of bacteriophage for controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children. Evidence Acquisition: This review was performed by searching studies indexed in international databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, as well as Google Scholar published from 2000 until 2016. Results: Experimental data show that endolysins of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage can be used to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children. Conclusions: Endolysins of bacteriophages could be effective for controlling a variety of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusinfections. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf 2017-10-10 36 43 10.5812/jpr.11562. Review Endolysins Child Infection Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Golnar Rahimzadeh 1 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran AUTHOR Pooria Gill 2 Nanomedicine Group, Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran AUTHOR Mohammad Sadegh Rezai drmsrezaii@yahoo.com 3 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Periodontal Diseases and Possible Future Cardiovascular Events, Are they Related? An Overview Context: The association between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been evaluated in many epidemiological studies; however, the results are controversial. Herein, we aimed to review if the childhood periodontal diseases are associated with future cardiovascular events or not. Evidence Acquisition: The current literature regarding childhood periodontal disease and future cardiovascular events in children aged less than 18 years was searched on PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Google Scholar from January 2005 to March 2017. All studies investigating the association between periodontal disease and CVD were searched by using the following search terms: “coronary artery disease”, “coronary disease”, “heart disease”, “ischemic heart disease”, “myocardial infarction”, Children, “periodontal disease”, and “periodontitis”. Results: The most common form of periodontal disease is gingival bleeding and calculus. Periodontitis is associated with an elevated level of CRP, fibrinogen, and cytokines, which involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis-induced disease. Conclusions: Timely diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases is essential to maintain good oral health and help to decrease pathological changes like atherosclerosis, acute MI and stroke. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf 2017-10-08 44 48 10.5812/jpr.11144. Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery Disease Periodontitis Risk Factor Shahryar Karami 1 Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR Nazanin Ghobadi 2 Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR Amirhossein Pakravan 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR Mojdeh Dabirian dr.dabirian@gmail.com 4 Cardiologist, Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran university of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR Farhad Sobouti 5 Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Omalizumab (Xolair) in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review Article Context: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease in children. The prevalence of eczema is up to 30% in the world. Omalizumab (Xolair) is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the serum IgE. The aim of this study is to review the effect of Xolair in children with atopic dermatitis. Evidence Acquisition: The data was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase with keywords: atopic dermatitis, eczema, children, pediatrics, Xolair, and Omalizumab. The inclusion criteria included articles related to use of Xolair in children with atopic dermatitis, under the age of 20 years old, as well a both full text and brief articles. The exclusion criteria were purely adult cases who had taken systemic immunosuppressive drugs and abstract article. There was no time limitation for our search. Results: After evaluating all data and a total of 124 searched articles, we found 8 eligible articles for this review. All of them had severe atopic dermatitis except 2 cases, which had moderate severity. Serum IgE level was increased in all patients. Only one of those studies included a control group. All patients were associated with other allergic disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: Omalizumab (Xolair) is a safe drug, which decreases serum IgE level, scoring atopic dermatitis, as well as clinical manifestations in all of severe atopic dermatitis. However, in order to approve it, we need future clinical trial studies with control group. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf 2017-10-03 49 51 10.5812/jpr.11507. Dermatitis Atopic Eczema Omalizumab Child Javad Ghaffari javadneg@yahoo.com 1 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR Negar Ghaffari 2 Student of Medicine, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, IR Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE An Update Review of Epidemiology, Anatomy, Classification, Management and Outcome of pediatric Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma Context: The incidence of vertebral column and spinal cord damage in children in the current century is greater than ever. Thoracolumbar fractures are extra numerous in teenagers, the most common reasons are falling from a height and motorcycle accidents. The current study aimed at designing a straightforward assessment of the epidemiology, anatomy, biomechanics, and clinical detection and managing plans for children with thoracolumbar traumas. Evidence Acquisition: Totally, 85 articles conducted from 1970 to 2016 were studied. A total of 63 articles were included in the current pediatric evaluation. But, based on the philosophy of the current study, just newly published studies from 2000 on spinal trauma epidemiology, classification, and management were included. Results: Spinal fractures in pediatrics characterize 1% or 2% of all pediatric fractures, and most of the damage comprise the cervical spinal column. The mainstream of thoracolumbar spinal column fractures in the children happen at the age of 14 to 16 years. The most common damaged zone of the spine is T4 to T12, followed by T12 to L2 based on the patients` age and type of radiologic classification of trauma, and conservative or surgery treatments may be used for the fractures. Conclusions: Forceful use of computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can classify delicate thoracolumbar damages and involvement of neural components and offer prognostic data in children with possible neurologic recovery, especially in SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality) type of injury. Currently, classification of the thoracolumbar injury and severity scales (TLISS) is generally useful in the adults by means of trauma to define non-operative vs. operative management of spine fractures. This classification is newly considered in the pediatric population, and there are reports on the outstanding validity of this system, similar to adults. Usually, various stable fractures can be cured conservatively, while unstable fractures need surgical stabilization. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf 2017-09-19 52 60 10.5812/jpr.11526. Pediatric Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma Kaveh Haddadi kh568hd@yahoo.com 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Fellowship Scholar of Boston University Medical Center, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR Abhijeet Kadam 2 Department of Orthopedics Spine Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, USA AUTHOR Chadi Tannoury 3 Department of Orthopedics Spine Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, USA AUTHOR Tony Tannoury 4 Department of Orthopedics Spine Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, USA AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Defining Behavior Patterns Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Using Latent Class Analysis Background: The interruption of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is worrying. This study aimed to identify behavior patterns towards EBF among mothers and health professionals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort consisting of 1309 women. We used latent class analysis (LCA), considering 15 indicators for defining 4 constructs: maternal emotional state, availability to breastfeed, maternal attitude, and health professional’s attitude towards breastfeeding. Results: Among mothers, 36.5% were classified as being in an unfavorable emotional state; they presented a higher probability of feeling tired, nervous, and sad; 14.7% had less availability to breastfeed and a higher probability of including primiparous and partners not helping to care for the child; 41.5% had negative attitude towards breastfeeding, including mothers more likely to give a pacifier and bottle. Among health professionals, 62.0% were categorized with unfavorable attitude towards breastfeeding, not providing guidance on breastfeeding in the hospital. http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf 2017-10-10 61 67 10.5812/jpr.10575. Breastfeeding Child Nutrition Behavior Quantitative Methods Latent Class Analysis Pryscila de Argolo Cerqueira pryscila.argolo@bol.com.br 1 Department of Health, Estacio University, Feira de Santana, Brazil AUTHOR Leila D A F Amorim 2 Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil AUTHOR Tatiana de O Vieira 3 Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil AUTHOR Janaina S Dias 4 Department of Health, Physical therapy at the “Cleriston Andrade” General Hospital, Feira de Santana, Brazil AUTHOR Heli V Brandao 5 Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil AUTHOR Graciete O Vieira 6 Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil AUTHOR