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Device-associated nosocomial infection is a significant part of nosocomial infection and can cause the majority of its mortality, morbidity, extra lengths of hospital stay and cost. In a 13-year review, the online database was searched for full articles to find research on epidemiology of device-associated nosocomial infection in pediatric and neonatal wards. Twenty two papers were included five articles report data both in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. The maximum reported value per 1000 device day was in pediatric intensive care unit (36.5). The largest count of involved patients was 391527 in a Chinese trial and 4 were done multinational. Most papers were accomplished in the developing countries and showed that the rates of device-associated nosocomial infection was decreased in before/after study by applying hygienic or educational interventions on safer care. Device-associated nosocomial infections frequently occur in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. This condition is preventable by the use of proper hygienic education and we need more attention on the prevention and diagnosis to reduce the rate of its complication, mortality and economic impact.

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